How do I cite sources in my speech?
Here is a small list of the common errors that are made and how to avoid them.
Direct Quotations: These should be acknowledged in your speech or presentation either
as “And I quote…” or “As [the source] put it…”.
Book: include title and author
Incorrect: “According to Jones, the best way to…”
Correct: “According to April Jones, author of Readings on Gender….”
Periodical (magazine): include title and date
Incorrect: “Time magazine wrote…”
Correct: “Time, March 28, 2005, explains…”
Correct: “The New York Times, June 5, 2006, explained it this way…”
Journal: include journal title, date, and author
Incorrect: “Smith writes…”
Correct: “Morgan Smith writes in the Fall 2005 issue of Science…”
Web site (organization site or other longstanding site): include title
Incorrect: “I found this information on the internet” or “At www.incrediblylongaddress.com/
article.htm, they argue that…”
Correct: “The Center for Disease Control web site includes information…”
Website (news/magazine): include title and date
Incorrect: “www.CNN.com states….” Or “CNN.com writes…” (without date)
Correct: “CNN.com, on March 28, 2005, states…” (note that CNN is an exception to
the “don’t use address rule” because the site is known by that name)
Interviews, lecture notes, or personal communication: include name and credentials
of source
Incorrect: “Alice Smith said…”
Correct: “Alice Smith, Professor of Economics at USM, had this to say about the
growth plan...”
or “According to junior Speech Communication major, Susan Wallace…”
Remember…
Keep in mind that it's easy to start falling into the "According to..." broken record. In order
to avoid this routine try to change it up a bit each time with phrases like, "This is
also supported by..." "April Smith, founder of ... says," etc. You can also note when
large sections of your presentation come from one source (as long as it is clear to the
audience).
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